Lupine Publishers Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology

  Opinion Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of progressive liver abnormalities from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. Parallel to the rising burden of obesity and metabolic syndrome, NAFLD has emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease at an estimated global prevalence of 24% [2]. Besides its known clinical burden for liver-related morbidity and mortality, NAFLD is potentially linked with other extra-hepatic chronic diseases and may be considered a multisystem condition. Particularly, NAFLD increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality [1]. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of NAFLD include hyperglycemia, systemic inflammation, and increased oxidative stress [3]. Sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of ...

  Abstract Background : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not simply the hepatic manifestation of obesity and diabetes but also linked to hepatocellular carcinoma. Yet, its effective treatment has not been established. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a short-term administration of luseogliflozin to patients with type 2 diabetes having non-alcohol fatty liver disease. Luseogliflozin is a unique sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor which is metabolized in and excreted by the liver in addition to the kidney. Therefore, the drug might possess an additional effect on other agents of the same class which are exclusively metabolized in the kidney. Methods : Using alanine aminotransferase >20 IU/L as a diagnostic basis for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 19 patients, not taking alcohol, with type 2 diabetes (male/female 15/4, the median age 57 years) was treated with 2.5 mg luseogliflozin for 12 weeks. Results : Pre- and post-treatment median values...

  Abstract Background : Metabolic bone disorders are frequent in patients with cirrhosis. These two conditions are usually misdiagnosed in Sub-Saharan Africa before the onset of complications. A full evaluation of metabolic bone disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis is difficult in our milieu and osteodensitometry is rarely available. In this preliminary study, we sought to determine the necessity of a cost-effective method, the Nordin’s Index, in the evaluation of osteoporosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods : This was a prospective cross-sectional study from January to May 2017 in Yaoundé. We compared the data of 19 patients (15 men, 4 women) with post viral liver cirrhosis and 17 controls (13 men, 4 women) paired with age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Data collected included vitamin D levels, serum and urine concentrations of calcium and phosphorus, Nordin’s Index and results of the bone mineral density using an x-ray absorptiometry sc...

  Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is described as exposition of multiplex liver metabolic disturbance interconnected with obesity. NAFLD is depicted by steatosis, excessive accumulation of fats in liver, due to triglycerides export and oxidation of fatty acid from plasma and de novo synthesis. Hepatic steatosis can therefore be explained as biochemical outcome of inconsistency between interfused mechanisms of lipid biotransformation. This condition is allied to a range of various modifications in lipoproteins, fatty acids, and glucose metabolisms in organism. So, above metabolic disfunctions are suspected to be the origin of possibility for adverse cardiometabolic risk agents related to NAFLD, like dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and insulin resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation participates as known inducer of inflammation and oxidative stress, that exacerbate this disease. These disorders are hallmarks that worsen ...

Lupine Publishers |Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy worldwide and is one of the major causes of cancerrelated deaths. HCC is reported to be the second most fatal malignancy. The major risk factors for HCC are well known; the known risk factors include hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Major advances have been reported in the treatment of HCC. Success of early diagnosis increases when these risk factors are identified, and the cases are followed up. It is reported that in the treatment of early-diagnosed HCC cases, ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation methods as well as surgical resection should be preferred, particularly in cases without liver cirrhosis and in cases where the tumor is restricted. Similarly, liver transplantation may be an option for patients that meet specific criteria. Keywords: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Liver Carcinoma; ...

The Burgeoning Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota by Martin Floch in Current Trends in Gastroenterologyand Hepatology in Lupine Publishers. With the release of the landmark publication containing the information that there were more microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract than any other cells [1] the scienti􀏐ic community began to look at the functional role of these organisms. We edited a book on “The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology; with emphasis on probiotics, prebiotics, and dysbiosis” [2] The book was published in 2018 but since that time a great deal of new information and manuscripts have appeared. Particularly in the area of probiotics and supplements containing probiotics or prebiotics so that organizations are now sponsoring national and international meetings on the subject. https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/fulltext/the-burgeoning-role-of-the-gastrointestinal-microbiota.ID.000125.php   http...

An Attempt to Characterize Street Pharmaceutical Teachers Abusing Drugs and Aspect of Allergy Among Adult Men Attending Long Distance Institutions in Pune, India by Rahul Hajare in Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Lupine Publishers In the India like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the teaching Staffs. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there some studies on drug abuse, there is none on teaching staffs and drug abuse focusing on the street teaching staffs the most vulnerable category. Street teaching staffs care hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determ...

Asymptomatic Portal Cavernoma Revealing Activated Protein C Resistance by Salem Bouomrani in Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Lupine Publishers Introduction: Unlike the child, the portal cavernoma (PC) remains an exceptional and unusual complication of portal thrombosis in adults and the elderly. We report an original observation of asymptomatic PC secondary to chronic portal thrombosis revealing Factor V Leiden mutation in a young adult. Observation: A 27-year-old female with no significant pathological history was explored for thrombocytopenia found on a routine check-up. Radiological investigation concluded to the diagnosis of post-thrombotic PC with extra-hepatic portal hypertension. Systematic screening for acquired and inherited thrombophilia objectified activated protein C resistance, and genetic test confirmed the specific mutation of the coagulation factor V gene (Factor V Leiden). Under effective anticoagulation, the evolution was favorable. ...

Rifaximin for Treatment of Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth by Chung Owyang in Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Lupine publishers . Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is often secondary to intestinal dysmotility and several other predisposing conditions. Treatment of SIBO typically includes antibiotics and treatment of underlying etiology. Identification and treatment of the underlying modifiable causes is critical for management of refractory and recurrent SIBO. We report here a case of scleroderma with small bowel dysmotility and bacterial overgrowth, on different occasions the patient failed to respond to Rifaximin. We showed that restoring small bowel motility is critical in maintaining the effectiveness of Rifaximin in the treatment of SIBO. Rifaximin resistance may also develop following prolonged use of antibiotics. Rotation of antibiotic regimen is important to prevent drug resistance. https://lupinepublishers.co...

Fungal Infections in Gastroenterology by Michael AB Naafs MD in Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Lupine Publishers Fungal infections are increasing in gastroenterology. Cirrhotic patients, liver transplantation recipients, and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are vulnerable to these infections. The origin of these fungal infections is frequently the GI tract. The advent of sequencing technology can identify now previously unculturable fungi. Dysbiosis of the mycobiome and microbiome can uncheck normal commensal fungi and turn pathogenic by largely unknown mechanisms Resistance to antifungals is becoming a global problem. New antifungals are in development and they are badly needed. In this mini-review the enteric mycobiota and fungal infections in GI disease are discussed https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/fulltext/fungal-infections-in-gastroenterology.ID.000114.php ht...

Giant Colonic Lipomas: Diagnostic Accuracy, Case Series and A Review of the Literature by Akingboye AA in Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Lupine publishers Colonic lipomas (CL) are generally asymptomatic and are found incidentally during colonoscopy, colonography or surgery for other conditions. Symptoms often correlate with the size of the lipoma; lipomas larger than 4 cm in size become symptomatic in 75% of patients and they are described as Giant colonic lipoma (GCL). GCL may cause bleeding, obstruction, mimic large polyps, and can create a diagnostic dilemma. We review the clinical management of a series of four GCL patients. https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/fulltext/giant-colonic-lipomas-diagnostic-accuracy-case-series-and-a-review-of-the-literature.ID.000113.php  https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/pdf/CTGH.MS.ID.000113.pdf https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroent...

Reflections About the Gut, A Microbiologist’s Perspective by Bernard AM Van der Zeijst in Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Lupine Publishers Without doubt, the original function of the human gut was to digest and absorb food. Its epithelial cells absorb food after it has been processed to smaller components by enzymatic digestion. Comparable epithelial processes are also found in animals, including sea animals, and plants [1]. Disturbance of the gut homeostasis by infections leads to disease. From mild diarrhea of short duration (e.g. caused by poliovirus, rotavirus, norovirus and Campylobacter) to lethal infections by toxin producing bacteria such as cholera. Cholera often occurs as a result of crowding and poor hygiene. It was very problematic during the first industrial revolution in the UK where poor migrants lived under dismal conditions. h...

Bariatric Surgery and Pregnancy by Mohamed Nabih EL Gharib in Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Lupine Publishers Obesity represents a dangerous public health concern all over the universe. The World Health Organization suggests that, by 2015, approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese [1]. https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/fulltext/bariatric-surgery-and-pregnancy.ID.000108.php   https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/pdf/CTGH.MS.ID.000108.pdf https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/abstracts/bariatric-surgery-and-pregnancy.ID.000108.php For more Lupine Publishers Open Access Journals Please visit our website: http://www.lupinepublishers.com/ For more journal of clinical gastroenterology articles Please Click Here: https://lupinepublishers.com/gastroenterology-hepatology-journal/index.php...